has giffen
已经给予
was giffen
被给予
giffening freely
慷慨给予
giffen up
放弃
never giffen
从未给予
giffen time
给予时间
has been giffen
已被给予
giffen away
赠予
giffened completely
完全给予
is giffening
正在给予
economists have long studied the rare giffen good phenomenon in developing economies.
经济学家长期以来一直在研究发展中国家罕见的吉芬商品现象。
the giffen paradox demonstrates how inferior goods can violate standard demand curves.
吉芬悖论展示了劣质商品如何违背标准需求曲线。
rising prices for certain staples can trigger giffen behavior among low-income consumers.
某些主食价格的上涨可能引发低收入消费者的吉芬行为。
understanding giffen goods helps policymakers design effective price interventions.
理解吉芬商品有助于政策制定者设计有效的价格干预措施。
traditional economic theory struggles to explain the giffen effect fully.
传统经济理论难以完全解释吉芬效应。
some rice markets exhibit classic giffen commodity characteristics during famines.
一些大米市场在饥荒期间表现出经典的吉芬商品特征。
the giffen goods demand curve slopes upward instead of downward.
吉芬商品的需求曲线向上倾斜而非向下。
researchers continue to debate which products truly qualify as giffen goods.
研究者继续争论哪些产品真正符合吉芬商品的条件。
poor households may demonstrate giffen purchasing patterns when staple prices soar.
贫困家庭在主食价格飙升时可能表现出吉芬购买模式。
the existence of genuine giffen goods remains controversial among economists.
真正吉芬商品的存在在经济学家中仍存在争议。
historical potato famines in ireland showed potential giffen market dynamics.
爱尔兰历史上土豆饥荒时期显示出潜在的吉芬市场动态。
theoretical models predict giffen behavior under specific income and substitution constraints.
理论模型预测在特定的收入和替代约束下会出现吉芬行为。
has giffen
已经给予
was giffen
被给予
giffening freely
慷慨给予
giffen up
放弃
never giffen
从未给予
giffen time
给予时间
has been giffen
已被给予
giffen away
赠予
giffened completely
完全给予
is giffening
正在给予
economists have long studied the rare giffen good phenomenon in developing economies.
经济学家长期以来一直在研究发展中国家罕见的吉芬商品现象。
the giffen paradox demonstrates how inferior goods can violate standard demand curves.
吉芬悖论展示了劣质商品如何违背标准需求曲线。
rising prices for certain staples can trigger giffen behavior among low-income consumers.
某些主食价格的上涨可能引发低收入消费者的吉芬行为。
understanding giffen goods helps policymakers design effective price interventions.
理解吉芬商品有助于政策制定者设计有效的价格干预措施。
traditional economic theory struggles to explain the giffen effect fully.
传统经济理论难以完全解释吉芬效应。
some rice markets exhibit classic giffen commodity characteristics during famines.
一些大米市场在饥荒期间表现出经典的吉芬商品特征。
the giffen goods demand curve slopes upward instead of downward.
吉芬商品的需求曲线向上倾斜而非向下。
researchers continue to debate which products truly qualify as giffen goods.
研究者继续争论哪些产品真正符合吉芬商品的条件。
poor households may demonstrate giffen purchasing patterns when staple prices soar.
贫困家庭在主食价格飙升时可能表现出吉芬购买模式。
the existence of genuine giffen goods remains controversial among economists.
真正吉芬商品的存在在经济学家中仍存在争议。
historical potato famines in ireland showed potential giffen market dynamics.
爱尔兰历史上土豆饥荒时期显示出潜在的吉芬市场动态。
theoretical models predict giffen behavior under specific income and substitution constraints.
理论模型预测在特定的收入和替代约束下会出现吉芬行为。
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