medieval fiefdoms
中世纪封土
establishing fiefdoms
建立封土
powerful fiefdoms
强大的封土
fragmented fiefdoms
分散的封土
former fiefdoms
过去的封土
their fiefdoms
他们的封土
rise of fiefdoms
封土兴起
within fiefdoms
在封土内
controlling fiefdoms
控制封土
lost fiefdoms
失去的封土
the medieval period was characterized by powerful feudal lords and their sprawling fiefdoms.
中世纪时期以强大的封建领主及其广阔的封土为特征。
historically, fiefdoms were granted by kings to loyal vassals in exchange for military service.
从历史上看，封土由国王授予忠诚的附庸，以换取军事服务。
the rise of centralized states gradually diminished the power of these independent fiefdoms.
中央集权国家的兴起逐渐削弱了这些独立封土的力量。
within each fiefdom, the lord held considerable authority over the peasants and serfs.
在每个封土内，领主对农民和农奴拥有相当大的权力。
the system of fiefdoms fostered a decentralized and often fragmented political landscape.
封土制度促进了去中心化和经常分散的政治格局。
the constant conflicts between neighboring fiefdoms were a source of instability in the region.
邻近封土之间的持续冲突是该地区不稳定性的根源。
he described the company as a collection of competing fiefdoms, each with its own agenda.
他将公司描述为一系列相互竞争的封土，每个封土都有自己的议程。
the family business had devolved into several smaller fiefdoms controlled by different relatives.
家族企业已经演变成几个较小的封土，由不同的亲戚控制。
the university departments often operated like isolated fiefdoms, with little collaboration between them.
大学系部通常像孤立的封土一样运作，它们之间缺乏合作。
despite attempts at reform, the entrenched fiefdoms resisted any changes to their authority.
尽管进行了改革尝试，但根深蒂固的封土抵制对其权威的任何改变。
the king sought to dismantle the powerful fiefdoms and consolidate his royal power.
国王试图瓦解强大的封土，巩固他的王权。
medieval fiefdoms
中世纪封土
establishing fiefdoms
建立封土
powerful fiefdoms
强大的封土
fragmented fiefdoms
分散的封土
former fiefdoms
过去的封土
their fiefdoms
他们的封土
rise of fiefdoms
封土兴起
within fiefdoms
在封土内
controlling fiefdoms
控制封土
lost fiefdoms
失去的封土
the medieval period was characterized by powerful feudal lords and their sprawling fiefdoms.
中世纪时期以强大的封建领主及其广阔的封土为特征。
historically, fiefdoms were granted by kings to loyal vassals in exchange for military service.
从历史上看，封土由国王授予忠诚的附庸，以换取军事服务。
the rise of centralized states gradually diminished the power of these independent fiefdoms.
中央集权国家的兴起逐渐削弱了这些独立封土的力量。
within each fiefdom, the lord held considerable authority over the peasants and serfs.
在每个封土内，领主对农民和农奴拥有相当大的权力。
the system of fiefdoms fostered a decentralized and often fragmented political landscape.
封土制度促进了去中心化和经常分散的政治格局。
the constant conflicts between neighboring fiefdoms were a source of instability in the region.
邻近封土之间的持续冲突是该地区不稳定性的根源。
he described the company as a collection of competing fiefdoms, each with its own agenda.
他将公司描述为一系列相互竞争的封土，每个封土都有自己的议程。
the family business had devolved into several smaller fiefdoms controlled by different relatives.
家族企业已经演变成几个较小的封土，由不同的亲戚控制。
the university departments often operated like isolated fiefdoms, with little collaboration between them.
大学系部通常像孤立的封土一样运作，它们之间缺乏合作。
despite attempts at reform, the entrenched fiefdoms resisted any changes to their authority.
尽管进行了改革尝试，但根深蒂固的封土抵制对其权威的任何改变。
the king sought to dismantle the powerful fiefdoms and consolidate his royal power.
国王试图瓦解强大的封土，巩固他的王权。
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